Abolitionist Party, see Liberty Party

African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, founded April 1816, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Originally comprised of 16 African American congregations that banded together.  Emphasized education of Blacks.  Anti-slavery, abolitionist group.  Served as a station of the Underground Railroad.  (Allen, 1983; Basker, 2005, pp. 276, 277, 278, 283-284, 294-295; Dodson, 2002; George, 1973; Mabee, 1970; Payne, 1891; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 18, 33-34, 155-159, 207)

Richard Allen, 1760-1830, first pastor (bishop), former slave (Allen, 1983)

Absalom Jones, free Black, 1737-1818

Alexandria Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery (Locke, 1901, pp. 101, 107, 110)

American Abolition Society, newspaper: Radical Abolitionist, William Goodell, editor (Filler, 1960, pp. 142, 249, 261; Radical Abolitionist, Vol. 1, 1855)

Officers:

Gerrit Smith, New York, President

Lewis Tappan, New York, Vice President

Samuel McFarland, Pennsylvania, Vice President

A. B. Burdick, Rhode Island, Vice President

J. W. North, Minnesota, Vice President

Arthur Tappan, New York, Treasurer

William Goodell, New York, Corresponding Secretary

James McCune Smith, New York City, Executive Committee

S. S. Jocelyn, New York City, Executive Committee

I. R. Barbour, New York City, Executive Committee

George Whipple, New York City, Executive Committee

Dr. Thomas Ritter, New York City, Executive Committee

Samuel Wilde, Kings Co., New York, Illinois, Executive Committee

D. Sharpe, Executive Committee

Frederick Douglass, Rochester, New York, Executive Committee

Elnathan Davis, Fitchburg, Massachusetts, Executive Committee

Abram Pryne, Syracuse, New York, Executive Committee

Isaac T. Hutchins, Connecticut, Executive Committee

Members:

A. B. Burdick, Rhode Island

Charles G. Case, New York

George W. Clark, New York

Frederick Douglass, New York

Amos Dresser, Ohio

C. C. Foote, Michigan

Robert Furman, New York

William Goodell, New York

J. C. Harrington, New York

Timothy B. Hudson, Ohio

J. W. Loguen, New York

Samuel McFarland, Pennsylvania

Lucius C. Matlack, New York

Samuel J. May

J. W. North, Minnesota

Abram Pryne, New York

Gerrit Smith, New York

James McCune Smith, New York

Charles Stuart

Arthur Tappan, New York

Lewis Tappan, New York

John Thomas, New York

Melauethon B. Williams

American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS), founded in New York City, December 1833, disbanded 1870; published The Emancipator and The Anti-Slavery Standard; had 1,350 affiliated societies and 250,000 members in 1838.  By 1840, there were 2,000 affiliated societies.  The Anti-Slavery Society was part of a larger evangelical revival of the period, which felt that slavery was a sin and that slave-holders were sinners.  It had agents that traveled throughout the country producing lectures, distributing anti-slavery journals, and organized local anti-slavery societies.  It petitioned Congress to end slavery immediately in the District of Columbia and in any Federal territories.  There was much opposition to the Anti-Slavery Society in the North, especially with business owners, who depended on imports from the slave states.  Ultimately, the American Anti-Slavery Society demanded immediate emancipation from the government.  Largest and most influential abolitionist organization in the United States.  Believed that slavery must be “immediately abandoned.”  Lobbied Congress to end slavery. 

(Barnes, 1933; Blue, 2005, pp. 17, 20-21, 31, 42-43, 45, 48-49, 61, 94; Bracy, 1971; Drake, 1950, pp. 162, 140-147, 153-155, 179-180; Dumond, 1961, pp. 175, 177-182, 185, 259-260, 267, 268, 271, 272, 284-285, 295; Filler, 1960, pp. 66, 72, 97, 129; Friedman, 1982; Mabee, 1970, pp. 2, 4, 22026, 31, 33, 37, 38, 40, 57, 69, 72, 88, 131, 151, 187, 189, 215, 235, 245, 247, 249, 265, 277, 293, 322, 324, 338, 359, 387; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 1, 4-7, 12-14, 16-17, 19, 223, 237, 242-244; Harrold, 1995, pp. 6, 54, 55, 59, 61, 85; Perry, 1995; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 42, 53, 105, 106, 152, 161-162, 189, 288, 290-291, 305-306, 308-309, 321-322, 344, 363, 346, 453, 522; Sernett, 2002; Sorin, 1971, pp. xii, 31, 51, 59, 65, 73n, 74, 75, 79, 87, 93, 95; Yellin, 1994, pp. 6-7, 18, 27, 31-32, 39, 43, 76, 79, 159, 133, 161-162, 174-176, 190, 235, 244, 250, 273, 288-289, 323, 325-326)

William Lloyd Garrison, co-founder, leader, radical abolitionist (Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007; Sorin, 1971; Van Broeken, 2002)

Theodore Dwight Weld, co-founder (Dumond, 1961, pp. 175-182; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Sorin, 1971, pp. 60, 67, 70n, 97)

Arthur Tappan, co-founder (Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 1, 4, 7, 8, 13-14, 16-17; Sorin, 1971, pp. 71n, 73, 75, 114)

Lewis Tappan, co-founder (Dumond, 1961, pp. 175-182; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 4, 5, 8, 13-17, 30, 36, 46-48, 71; Sorin, 1971, pp. 70-77, 93, 96, 102, 113, 114, 131)

James G. Baradoes (free Black), b. 1810, Boston, Board of Managers

James G. Birney, Cincinnati, lawyer, publisher of The Philanthropist, former slaveholder (Dumond, 1961, pp. 176-182; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 51, 52, 65, 70n, 103n; Van Broeken, 2002)

George Bourne (Dumond, 1961, pp. 175-182)

Henry Bowen, agent (Sernett, 2002, p. 43)

Charles W. Dennison, editor of Emancipator (Dumond, 1961, p. 180)

Reverend William Goodell, editor of Genius of Temperance, editor of Emancipator (Dumond, 1961, pp. 175-182; Blue, 2005, pp. 19, 20, 23, 25, 32, 34, 50, 53, 54, 101; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 1, 7, 22, 29, 31, 35, 46, 63, 64, 71, 72, 162-163, 199, 225; Rodriguez, 2007; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 57-62, 113-114, 126, 130)

Beriah Green, agent (Blue, 2005, pp. 17, 34-35; Dumond, 1961, p. 180; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 60, 90, 96, 97, 130)

Angelina Moore Grimké, women’s rights advocate (Mabee, 1970; Van Broeken, 2002; Yellin, 1994)

Sarah Moore Grimké, women’s rights advocate (Mabee, 1970; Van Broeken, 2002; Yellin, 1994)

William Jay (Blue, 2005, pp. 19, 20, 21; Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Sorin, 1971, pp. 51, 77-81, 96, 132)

Simon Jocelyn, New Haven (Dumond, 1961, pp. 175-182; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970)

Abbey Kelley, women’s rights advocate (Mabee, 1970; Van Broeken, 2002; Yellin, 1994)

Joshua Leavitt, preacher, lawyer, editor of Evangelist and Emancipator (Blue, 2005, pp. 20, 25, 34, 45, 50, 54, 94, 119, 122; Dumond, 1961, pp. 175-182; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 1, 7-8, 17, 20, 28, 29, 35, 45-47, 167, 217; Sorin, 1971, pp. 51, 68-71, 96, 131-132)

Elijah Lovejoy, Alton, Illinois, anti-slavery publisher, killed by a pro-slavery mob in Alton, Illinois (Blue, 2005, pp. 6, 20, 90-96, 105, 269; Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007; Sorin, 1971, p. 60)

Samuel J. May, Brooklyn, Connecticut, Unitarian minister, agent (Dumond, 1961, pp. 180, 182; Mabee, 1970)

James McCrummel (free Black), Board of Managers

Calvin Pepper, agent (Dumond, 1961, p. 180)

Amos A. Phelps, agent (Dumond, 1961, p. 179; Harrold, 1995)

Wendell Phillips (Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Van Broeken, 2002)

Ray Potter, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Baptist minister, lecturer, member Rhode Island Anti-Slavery Society (Dumond, 1961, p. 182)

Achilles Pugh, Society of Friends, Quaker, newspaper printer

Robert Purvis (free Black), vice president, Board of Managers (Mabee, 1970)

Charles Stuart Renshaw, agent (Dumond, 1961, p. 182; Sernett, 2002, p. 43)

Henry B. Stanton, public relations, finance, executive committee, agent, husband of Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Sernett, 2002, pp. 43-44; Van Broeken, 2002)

George Storrs, agent (Sernett, 2002, p. 43)

George Thompson, agent (Dumond, 1961, p. 182; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Van Broeken, 2002)

John Greenleaf Whittier, author, poet, journalist, radical abolitionist (Blue, 2005, pp. 5, 37-47, 49-50, 52-53, 63, 248-249, 259, 264; Dumond, 1961, p. 179; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 12, 54, 58, 162, 230, 243)

Thomas Williams, agent (Dumond, 1961, p. 180)

Elizur Wright, Jr., corresponding secretary, professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, Western Reserve College (Dumond, 1961, pp. 177-182; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970)

American Anti-Slavery Society of New York, founded 1834

American Colonization Society (ACS), founded December 28, 1816, in U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC.  (Drake, 1950, pp. 124-126, 131; Dumond, 1961, pp. 127-129, 176; Filler, 1960, pp. 20, 61, 225; Freehling, 1994; Hammond, 2011, pp. 168, 219, 252, 269, 271, 273, 274, 283; Harrold, 1995, pp. 6, 18-19, 29, 34, 132; Miller, 1975; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 4-5; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 20, 34, 41, 104-105, 129, 163-164, 290, 308, 319, 521, 586-587; Sernett, 2002; Sorin, 1971; Staudenraus, 1961)

Henry Clay, 1777-1852, president of ACS from 1836-1852 (Blue, 2005, pp. 11, 24, 27, 29, 47, 50-51, 55, 123-124, 166-167)

William Lloyd Garrison (Blue, 2005; Dumond, 1961; Filler, 1960; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007; Rodriguez, 2007; Sorin, 1971)

Arthur Tappan (Blue, 2005; Dumond, 1961; Filler, 1960; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007; Rodriguez, 2007; Sorin, 1971)

Lewis Tappan (Blue, 2005; Dumond, 1961; Filler, 1960; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007; Rodriguez, 2007; Sorin, 1971)

James G. Birney (Blue, 2005; Dumond, 1961; Filler, 1960; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007; Rodriguez, 2007; Sorin, 1971)

Gerrit Smith (Blue, 2005; Dumond, 1961; Filler, 1960; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007; Rodriguez, 2007; Sernett, 2002; Sorin, 1971)

American Convention of Abolition Societies.  Met biennially, or more often, as necessary.  (Filler, 1960, p. 26; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 29, 34, 105)

Evan Lewis, Wilmington, Society of Friends, Quaker, vice president (1823)

Thomas Shipley, Philadelphia, Society of Friends, Quaker, secretary (1823)

Abraham Pennock, Philadelphia, Society of Friends, Quaker, treasurer (1823)

Benjamin Lundy, Philadelphia, Society of Friends, Quaker (Harrold, 1995)

American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (A&FASS), founded 1840.  (Filler, 1960, pp. 136, 261; Harrold, 1995, pp. 7, 32, 87, 89, 91, 96, 104, 140-141, 144, 157; Mabee, 1970, pp. 4, 26, 56, 104, 106, 139, 156, 187, 203, 233, 246, 253, 255, 259, 274, 297, 307; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 16-17, 223, 237; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 46, 50, 179, 185, 308, 362, 398; Sorin, 1971, p. 131)

Arthur Tappan, president (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 1, 4, 7, 8, 13-14, 16-17; Sorin, 1971, pp. 73, 75, 102, 114)

Lewis Tappan (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 4, 5, 8, 13-14, 16-17, 28-30, 35, 46-58, 71; Sorin, 1971, pp. 70-77, 93, 96, 102, 113, 114, 131)

Henry B. Stanton (Mitchell, 2007, pp. 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 28, 36, 45, 47, 101, 162, 223)

American Free Produce Association, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded during the Requited Labor Convention at Pennsylvania Hall in 1838 by the Society of Friends, Quakers.  Founded to encourage Quakers and non-Quakers to refrain from purchasing gods produced by slave labor.  (Drake, 1950; Filler, 1960)

Gerrit Smith (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Sernett, 2002; Sorin, 1971)

Lewis Tappan (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Sorin, 1971, pp. 70-77, 93, 96, 102, 113, 114, 131)

C.C. Burleigh

American Freedman’s Inquiry Commission.  Created the U.S. War Department in 1863.  (Fields, 1985; Foner, 1988; Howe, [1864] 1969; McPherson, 1982; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 67, 165)

Samuel Gridley Howe, abolitionist

James McKaye, abolitionist

Robert Owens, abolitionist

American Missionary Association (AMA), founded September 3, 1846, disbanded 1890.  Non-sectarian, ecumenical group.  Lobbied Northern churches to support abolitionist cause.  Also promoted anti-slavery in South.  In 1864, placed 250 missionaries in South and border states.  Worked during Reconstruction to aid freed slaves.  Established Fisk University (1866), Nashville, Tennessee; Atlanta University (1865), Georgia; Talladega College (1867), Talladega, Alabama; Straight (now Dillard University; 1869), New Orleans, Louisiana; Tillotson (now Houston-Tillotson College; 1877), Austin, Texas; Le Moyne (now Le Moyne-Owen College; 1870), Memphis, Tennessee; Hampton Institute (1868), Hampton, Virginia; Tougaloo College (1869), Tougallo, Mississippi.  Assisted in founding Howard University (1867), Washington, DC.  (DeBoer, 1994; DeBoer, 1995; Filler, 1960, pp. 197, 222; Mabee, 1970, pp. 4, 193, 235-242, 266, 270, 291, 319, 326, 327, 339, 341, 357, 373; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 69, 149, 157, 166-176, 172, 420-422; Whipple, 1876)

Arthur Tappan, leader, founder  (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 166-167; Sorin, 1971, pp. 73, 75, 102, 114)

Lewis Tappan, leader, founder (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 166-167; Sorin, 1971, pp. 70-77, 93, 96, 102, 113, 114, 131)

George Whipple, leader, corresponding secretary (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 166-167)

Theodore S. White, African American (Rodriguez, 2007; Sorin, 1971, pp. 31-85, 90-92, 97)

Samuel Ringold Ward, African American (Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007; Sorin, 1971, pp. 85-89, 96, 132)

James Pennington, African American (Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007)

Charles Bennett Ray, African American (Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007)

Reverend John G. Fee, founded Berea College, Kentucky (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007)

General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, leader (Rodriguez, 2007)

American Wesleyan Anti-Slavery Society (Sernett, 2002, p. 82)

Amesbury and Salisbury, Massachusetts, Female Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffry, 1998, p. 81)

Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women, 1837-1839 (Dumond, 1961, p. 189; Yellin, 1994, pp. 5, 10-16, 17, 34, 40-41, 51-52, 64, 116-117, 120, 129, 134-135, 160, 168-171, 177, 231, 235, 245-247, 284-287)

Anti-Slavery Sewing Society (Rodriguez, 2007, p. 233)

Anti-Slavery Society of Canada

Ashtabula County (Ohio) Female Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 37, 55, 76-78)

Association of Friends for Advocating the Cause of the Slave and Improving the Condition of Free People of Color, later renamed Association Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in May 1837, renamed in 1840.  This group had approximately 100 members who were staunch abolitionists.  This group advocated anti-slavery the Philadelphia Hicksite Society of Friends.  They published newsletters and petitions, and called for an immediate end to slavery, similar to the policy of the American Anti-Slavery Society.  They promoted the idea of the use of free produce, that is, goods produced without the use of slave labor, among Quakers.  (Drake, 1950, pp. 154, 170, 172; Filler, 1960)

Caleb Clothier, first president

Daniel Miller, Jr., clerk

Daniel Neall, Jr.

Dillwyn Parrish

James Mott

Lucretia Mott

Emmor Kimber

Sarah Hopper Palmer

Baltimore Society for the Protection of Free People of Color, organized by Baltimore Friends, July 1827, disbanded 1829.  Organized to help “kidnapped” Blacks.  (Drake, 1950, p. 132n48)

Bangor Female Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffry, 1998, pp. 66, 248n90)

Bangor Juvenile Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffry, 1998, pp. 85-86)

Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society (BFASS), formed October 1833 (1832?), disbanded 1840; newsletter, The Liberty Bell.  Associated with the American Anti-Slavery Society and the New England Anti-Slavery Society.  Had African American and White members.  Represented Evangelical Christian, Baptist, Presbyterian, Congregational and liberal denominations, including Quaker and Unitarian.

(Boylan, 1994; Chambers-Schiller, 1994; Dumond, 1961; Hansen, 1993; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 42, 199, 221, 288; Yellin, 1994, pp. 2, 8, 12-13, 26, 36, 37, 39, 42, 45-65, 120, 159-160, 170-176, 221, 257, 262, 263, 282-283, 285, 287, 289, 307, 316, 333)

Anne Chapman, founder (Yellin, 1994)

Caroline Weston Chapman, founder (Yellin, 1994, pp. 172, 285)

Deborah Chapman, founder (Yellin, 1994)

Maria Weston Chapman, founder, editor of The Liberty Bell (Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Yellin, 1994, pp. 45, 49-50, 53-57, 59-62, 62n, 170, 172-173)

Charlotte Phelps, first president (Yellin, 1994, p. 49)

Lydia Maria Child, 1802-1880, editor of The Liberty Bell (Harrold, 1995; Karcher, 1994; Mabee, 1970; Meltzer, 1982; Yellin, 1994, pp. 48-49, 60, 62n48-49)

Adrianna Adams, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Lucy Ball (Yellin, 1994, pp. 45, 56-57, 57n, 61, 64n, 363)

Martha Ball (Yellin, 1994, pp. 45, 56-57n, 60-61, 63-64n, 64, 263, 280)

C. Barbadoes, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Mrs. Jehiel C. Berman, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Alice Burley, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Alice Bush, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Hannah Cutler, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Eunice Davis, African American, board member (Yellin, 1994, p. 56)

Bathscheba Fowler, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Lydia Fuller (Yellin, 1994, p. 61)

Mary Gilbert (Yellin, 1994, p. 61)

Lydia Gould, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Lavinia Hilton, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Cecilia Howard, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Anna Lawton, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Eliza Logan Lawton, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Chloe Lee, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Mary Lewis (?), African American (Yellin, 1994)

Anna Logan, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Louisa Loring (Yellin, 1994, pp. 48, 50)

Rebecca Louge (Yellin, 1994, p. 62)

Lavinia Nell, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Louisa Nell, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Abigail Ordway (Yellin, 1994, p. 61)

Mary S. Parker (Yellin, 1994, pp. 36, 43, 174)

Susan Paul, African American (Yellin, 1994, p. 49)

Martha Ann Pero, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Ann Phillips (Yellin, 1994, p. 50)

Nancy Prince, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Jane Putnam, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Mrs. Rayner (Yellin, 1994, p. 61)

Philis Salem, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Catherine Sargent (Yellin, 1994, p. 62)

Henrietta Sargent (Yellin, 1994, pp. 51, 62, 64, 253n)

Adeline Saunders, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Margaret Scarlet, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Susan Sears (Yellin, 1994, p. 61)

Louisa Sewell (Yellin, 1994, p. 50)

Judith Shipley (Yellin, 1994, p. 61)

Emma Smith (Yellin, 1994, p. 61)

Thankful Southwick (Yellin, 1994, pp. 56, 62, 64, 253n, 280, 289, 292)

Catherine Sullivan, vice president (Yellin, 1994, pp. 45, 55, 64-65)

Hannah Tufts (Yellin, 1994, p. 62)

Anne Warren Weston (Yellin, 1994, pp. 172, 285)

Caroline Williams, African American (Yellin, 1994)

Julia Williams, African American (Yellin, 1994, p. 61)

Boylston Female Anti-Slavery Society, founded June 1837 (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 62-63)

Mary White, co-founder (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 62-63)

Brookline (Connecticut) Female Anti-Slavery Society, founded 1834 (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 38, 49, 61, 69, 77, 81)

Canton (Ohio) Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 37, 67)

Caroline County Society (Locke, 1901, p. 99n)

Cazenovia Ladies Anti-Slavery Society (Sernett, 2002, p. 130)

Grace Wilson, member

Chestertown Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and the Relief of Free Negroes and Others, Unlawfully Held in Bondage, Maryland (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 241; Locke, 1901, pp. 99n, 100)

Joseph Wilkerson (Basker, 2005, pp. 225-226)

James Maslin (Basker, 2005, p. 224)

Abraham Ridgely (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 225, 227, 238)

Choptank Society (Locke, 1901, pp. 99n, 107)

Cincinnati Anti-Slavery Society, Cincinnati, Ohio, founded 1835 (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 50, 185)

Gamaliel Bailey, 1807-1859, co-founder, secretary (Harrold, 1995; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 56, 185)

Clarkson Anti-Slavery Society, Pennsylvania (Drake, 1950, p. 149)

Thomas Whitson

Linda Coats

Colored Female Anti-Slavery Society, Middletown, Connecticut, founded 1834 (Yellin, p. xvi)

Committee for West India Missions, merged with the American Missionary Association (AMA)

Concord (New Hampshire) Female Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 89)

Mary Clark (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 89)

“Congregational Friends,” Society of Friends, Quakers.  Temperance, women’s rights, against capital punishment, anti-slavery organization.

Connecticut Abolition Society (Basker, 2005, pp. 131, 134, 135, 136, 137, 141, 142, 143, 169, 223, 239; Zilversmit, 1967, pp. 201-202)

Uriah Tracy (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 224, 238, 239)

Connecticut Society for the Promotion of Freedom and for the Relief of Persons Unlawfully Holden in Bondage, see Connecticut Abolition Society (Dumond, 1961, p. 47; Locke, 1901, pp. 99, 103, 103n, 109, 126)

Conscience Whigs (Blue, 2005, pp. 9, 52, 52n33, 53, 196, 198, 204; Drake, 1950, p. 137; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 20, 22, 32-34, 37, 40-41, 43, 47-49, 54, 61, 67, 72, 136; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 513-514)

Convention of Delegates from the Abolition Societies Established in Different Parts of the United States (ACPAS; Geliman, 2006, pp. 154-159, 164-165, 181, 185)

Convention of the People of Color, founded 1831, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Dedham (Massachusetts) Female Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 86)

Delaware Abolition Society (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 240, 318, 319, 327, 349; Locke, 1901, pp. 7n, 94, 99n, 99f, 104n, 105n, 108; Zilversmit, 1967, p. 174)

Charles W. Dennison, co-founder, member of the American Anti-Slavery Society, editor of Emancipator (Dumond, 1961, pp. 180, 182, 392n19)

Joseph Warner (Basker, 2005, p. 224)

Isaac H. Starr (Basker, 2005, p. 224)

Robert Coram (Basker, 2005, p. 224)

Delaware Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and for the Relief and Protection of Free Blacks and People of Color, Unlawfully Held in Bondage or Otherwise, see Delaware Abolition Society (Dumond, 1961, pp. 47, 182; Locke, 1901, pp. 7n, 94, 99n, 99f, 104n, 105n, 108)

Delaware Society for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery (also known as the Willmington Society). (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 240)

District of Columbia Society for the Abolition of Slavery (Locke, 1901, pp. 7n, 163, 177)

Dorcas Anti-Slavery Society, Troy, Ohio (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 160)

Dorchester Female Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 76)

Erie County Anti-Slavery Society, Erie County, New York, founded October 12, 1835 (Sernett, 2002, p. 42)

Amos Phelps, founder, abolitionist agent

Fall River (Massachusetts) Female Anti-Slavery Society (Yellin, 1994, pp. 188-189)

Female Anti-Slavery Society (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 42, 43, 218)

Female Anti-Slavery Society of Chatham Street Chapel, New York, 1834, first female abolitionist group in New York (Yellin, 1994, pp. 33, 33n6)

Mrs. William Green, Jr., first director

Female Association for Promoting the Manufacture and Use of Free Cotton, Philadelphia (Yellin, 1994, pp. 278-279)

Female Wesleyan Anti-Slavery Society, New York (Yellin, 1994, p. 136)

Fitchburg Female Anti-Slavery Society, Fitchburg, Massachusetts, founded 1837 (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 60)

Francis “Fanny” Wright Societies (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 522-523)

Free African Society, founded April 1787, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  A non-denominational, abolitionist, self-help group for African Americans.  The Free African Society established the African Church of Philadelphia in 1794, affiliated with the Protestant Episcopal Church. (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 25, 26, 156, 159, 294-295, 559-560)

Richard Allen, 1760-1830, co-founder, leader

Absalom Jones, 1737-1818, free Black, co-founder, leader

William Gray, free Black, co-founder

Dorus Ginnings, free Black, co-founder

William White, free Black, co-founder

Jane Ann Murry, free Black, co-founder

Sarah Dougherty, free Black, co-founder

A Free Labor Society, Delaware, founded c. 1826

Free Produce Association of Friends of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, founded 1845, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (later renamed Philadelphia Free Produce Association of Friends). (Drake, 1950, pp. 115, 117, 118, 135, 171-174)

Samuel Rhodes, founder, Quaker, abolitionist, editor of the Non-Slaveholder (Drake, 1950, pp. 172-173)

Abraham Pennock, Quaker, abolitionist, editor of the Non-Slaveholder (Drake, 1950, pp. 130, 172-173)

George W. Taylor, Quaker, abolitionist, editor of the Non-Slaveholder (Drake, 1950, pp. 172-173)

William J. Allinson, abolitionist, editor of the Non-Slaveholder (Drake, 1950, pp. 172, 174)

Thomas Wistar, abolitionist (Drake, 1950, p. 172)

Free Produce Association of Green Plain, Ohio (Yellin, 1994, p. 279)

Free Produce Society of Pennsylvania, founded 1826.  Organized to encourage consumers not to purchase goods produced by slave labor.  (Drake, 1950, pp. 115, 117, 118, 135, 171-174; Yellin, 1994, pp. 161, 163, 192, 276-281, 316)

William Rawle, lawyer, president (Drake, 1950, p. 118)

James Mott, Quaker, abolitionist (Drake, 1950, pp. 118, 140, 154)

Edward P. Atlee, Quaker, abolitionist (Drake, 1950, pp. 118, 140)

Dr. Joseph Parrish, Quaker, abolitionist (Drake, 1950, pp. 118, 153)

Abraham Pennock, Quaker, abolitionist, editor of the Non-Slaveholder (Drake, 1950, pp. 130, 172-173)

Isaac Hopper, Quaker, abolitionist (Drake, 1950, pp. 118, 148, 160, 162, 187)

Daniel Neall, Quaker, abolitionist (Drake, 1950, pp. 118, 154, 156)

Thomas Shipley, Quaker, abolitionist (Drake, 1950, pp. 118, 130, 140)

Free Soil Party, founded August 9-10, 1848, in Buffalo, New York.  It included members of the “Conscience Whigs” Party, Democrats and members of the Liberty Party.  The motto was, “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Free Men.” (Blue, 2005, pp. 3, 4, 7, 9-13, 35, 54-55, 66, 68-75, 121, 123, 139, 142, 144-145, 146, 170-171, 184, 198-205, 212, 214, 218-219, 236, 245; Dumond, 1961; Filler, 1960, pp. 108, 122, 132, 182, 187, 189, 200, 213, 219, 223, 228, 233, 237, 253; Maybee, 1970, pp. 98, 110, 161, 173, 178, 247, 253, 261, 278, 279, 391n29; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 4, 7, 9, 19, 22, 26, 35, 44-47, 53-56, 60-73; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 50, 133-136, 173, 225, 297-298, 354, 514, 650-651; Sernett, 2002, pp. 124-127, 152)

Salmon P. Chase, co-founder, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, member of the Liberty Party (Mitchell, 2007)

Gamaliel Bailey, co-founder (Harrold, 1995)

Charles Francis Adams, vice president, 1848

John P. Hale, New Hampshire, president, 1852 (Harrold, 1995; Sorin, 1971, pp. 130, 132)

George W. Julian, Indiana, vice president, 1852

Freedom Association, founded 1845 by free Blacks in New England, created to assist slaves to escape to the North (Rodriguez, 2007, p. 49)

Freewill Baptist Anti-Slavery Society, New York state, founded in 1841, anti-slavery church (Sernett, 2002, p. 95)

Friends Anti-Slavery Society, Indiana.  Newspaper: Free Labor Advocate and Anti-Slavery Chronicle, published 1841-1848. (Drake, 1950)

“Friends of Human Progress,” Society of Friends, Quaker organizations.  Opposed to slavery, alcohol, tobacco.  Advocated for women’s rights.  (Drake, 1950, p. 174)

Geneva Colored Anti-Slavery Society, New York, founded 1836 (Sernett, 2002, p. 64)

Horace H. Dawkins, president (Sernett, 2002, p. 64)

James W. Duffin, secretary (Sernett, 2002, p. 64)

Green Plain, Ohio, Meeting on the Fugitive Slave Law, Society of Friends, Quakers, abolition group.  Strongly opposed the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.  (Drake, 1950, p. 175)

Hicksite Anti-Slavery Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  Associated with Hicksite Quaker Movement.  Promoted Free Produce policy of persuading consumers away from using goods produced by slave labor.  (Drake, 1950, pp. 134, 140, 154, 179)

Caleb Clothier, leader

Lucretia Mott, leader

Holmes Missionary Society, founded 1839.  Merged with the American Missionary Association (AMA).  (DeBoer, 1994; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 166)

Illinois Anti-Slavery League (Dumond, 1961, p. 92)

Illinois Anti-Slavery Society (Blue, 2005, pp. 93, 97; Dumond, 1961, p. 189; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 161)

Indiana Anti-Slavery Friends (Rodriguez, 2007, p. 433)

Indiana State Anti-Slavery Society, newspaper: The Protectionist (Blue, 2005, p. 161; Drake, 1950, p. 174; Dumond, 1961, p. 189)

Arnold Buffum, Society of Friends, Quaker, radical abolitionist, editor, The Protectionist (Blue, 2005; Drake, 1950; Dumond, 1961)

Indiana Yearly Meeting of Anti-Slavery Friends (Mabee, 1970, pp. 147, 201, 225, 231, 264, 402n18; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 232)

“Kennett Monthly Meeting in Chester County,” Pennsylvania.  Organized “Pennsylvania Yearly Meeting of Progressive Friends, near Kennett Square, founded 1853.  (Drake, 1950, pp. 171, 175)

Kent County (Rhode Island) Female Anti-Slavery Society (Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. I, 83, 92-102, 145, 152-158, 212, 216, 257n20; Yellin, 1994, pp. 182-184n, 187, 190)

Kentucky Abolition Society (Dumond, 1961, p. 95)

Kentucky Society for the Gradual Relief of Slavery (Dumond, 1961, p. 199; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 511)

Kingston Anti-Slavery Society (Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 88-90)

Knights of Liberty, founded 1846, St. Louis, Missouri (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 50, 59)

Reverend Moses Dickson, free Black man, co-founder

Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois (Filler, 1960, p. 33; Muelder, 1959)

Reverend George Washington Gale, founder, abolitionist (Muelder, 1959)

Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society of Fall River, Massachusetts, founded 1836 (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 44, 218)

Eliza Buffum Chase, co-founder

Ladies’ (Cincinnati) Anti-Slavery Circle, Cincinnati, Ohio (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 144)

Ladies’ (Dover) Anti-Slavery Society, Dover, New Hampshire, founded 1835 (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 105)

Ladies’ New York Anti-Slavery Society (Yellin, 1994, pp. 26-27)

Ladies’ New York City Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 75, 89, 102, 159; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 362; Yellin, 1994, pp. 32, 34-41, 43, 43n, 120, 134, 136)

Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, many early and prominent American abolitionists entered the movement through Lane (Dumond, 1961, pp. 158-165; Harrold, 1995, pp. 90-91; Mabee, 1970, pp. 31, 152, 154, 155, 156, 160, 192; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 41, 185, 466, 511; Sorin, 1971, pp. 64-65)

Lyman Beecher, president (Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970, p. 152; Rodriguez, 2007)

Reverend William Allan, 1810-1882 (Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970, pp. 107, 109; Rodriguez, 2007)

John Watson Alvord, 1807-1880 (Dumond, 1961; Rodriguez, 2007)

James G. Birney (Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007)

Philemon Bliss (Dumond, 1961; Rodriguez, 2007)

Charles Grandison Finney (Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995, pp. 71, 90; Mabee, 1970, pp. 130, 152, 153, 218, 253, 291, 339, 403n28; Rodriguez, 2007)

Asa Mahan (Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970, pp. 218, 403n25; Rodriguez, 2007)

Professor John Morgan (Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970, pp. 253, 403n25; Rodriguez, 2007)

Marius Robinson, 1806-1876 (Dumond, 1961; Rodriguez, 2007)

Henry B. Stanton, 1805-1887 (Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007)

Lewis Tappan (Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007)

Arthur Tappan (Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007)

James A. Thome (Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970, p. 272; Rodriguez, 2007)

Augustus Wattles, 1807-1883 (Dumond, 1961; Mabee, 1970, pp. 104, 155, 394n31, 403n29; Rodriguez, 2007)

Theodore Weld (Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995; Mabee, 1970; Rodriguez, 2007)

George Whipple (Dumond, 1961; Harrold, 1995, p. 87; Mabee, 1970, pp. 153, 235, 403n25; Rodriguez, 2007)

Hiram Wilson (Dumond, 1961; Rodriguez, 2007)

League of Gileadites, founded January 15, 1851, Springfield, Massachusetts.  Had 44 members, comprised of free Blacks, fugitive slaves and Whites.  Its purpose was to protect fugitive slaves from capture under the Federal Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.  (Rodriguez, 2007, p. 206)

John Brown, 1800-1859, founder

Liberty League, founded 1848 (Blue, 2005, pp. 35, 101, 122, 123; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 22, 35, 36, 44, 46, 67, 245; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 51)

Gerrit Smith, New York, president, 1848 (Blue, 2005, pp. 26, 32, 34, 50, 53, 98, 121)

Charles E. Foot, Michigan, vice president, 1848

Jane Swisshelm (Blue, 2005, pp. 142, 144, 160)

Liberty Party (succeeded American Anti-Slavery Society), founded November 13, 1839, Warsaw, New York, abolitionist political party, merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848. Newspaper: Liberty Party Paper, published by John Thomas in Syracuse, New York.

(Blue, 2005, pp. ix, 2, 4, 5, 9, 16, 23-35, 49-50, 52, 53, 63, 66, 67, 91, 97-101, 116-118, 144, 163, 214, 218, 236, 265, 267; Dumond, 1961, pp. 285-286, 291, 295-304; Filler, 1960, pp. 145, 152, 155, 176, 178, 181, 213; Harrold, 1995, pp. 10, 41, 55-57, 59, 91, 127, 131, 134-141, 174n10; Mabee, 1970, pp. 40, 56, 72, 227, 228, 246, 247, 252, 387n5; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 4, 6-16, 25-29, 31, 44-48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 74, 71, 98, 139, 167, 188, 196, 212, 215, 216, 225, 245, 254n; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 46, 48, 50, 57, 132, 185, 189, 298, 514, 522; Sernett, 2002, pp. 105, 112-125; Sorin, 1971, pp. 18, 21, 22, 27, 35, 31n, 38, 47, 60, 70, 77, 80, 106, 126, 130, 133)

Alvan Stewart, founder, leader (Blue, 2005, pp. 4-5, 9, 13, 15-36, 49, 50, 63, 68, 92-94, 98-145, 266; Dumond, 1961, pp. 225-226, 293-295, 300; Filler, 1960, pp. 151, 177; Harrold, 1995, pp. 54-55, 93; Mabee, 1970, pp. 4, 39, 40, 41, 246, 293; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 7, 8, 14, 17, 21, 31, 36; Sernett, 2002, pp. 49, 52, 73, 112, 122, 298n73; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 32, 33, 47-52, 60, 112, 115)

James G. Birney, founder, president (Blue, 2005, pp. 20-21, 25, 30, 32, 48-51, 55, 97-99, 101, 139, 142, 163, 186, 217; Harrold, 1995, pp. 20, 23-24, 27-31, 39-40, 56, 91, 165, 179-180n10; Mabee, 1970, pp. 27, 36, 40, 41, 49, 54, 55, 60, 71, 92, 195, 196, 228, 252, 293, 301, 323, 328, 350, 389n7, 411n5; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 4-5, 7, 8, 13-15, 18, 21-31, 35, 50, 101, 199, 225; Sernett, 2002, pp. 38, 49, 68, 109-112, 114-115, 122, 306-308; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 38-47, 51, 52, 65, 70n, 97, 103n, 130)

Samuel Ringold Ward, free Black (Mabee, 1970, pp. 128, 135, 136, 294, 307, 400n19; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 34, 46, 48, 53, 166; Sernett, 2002, pp. 54-55, 62-64, 94, 117, 121, 126, 142, 149, 157-159, 169, 171-172, 316n92; Sorin, 1971, pp. 85-89, 96, 132)

Henry Highland Garnet, free Black, nomination committee (Appleton’s, 1888, Vol. II, p. 606; Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1936; Dumond, 1961, pp. 329-333; Harrold, 1995, pp. 39, 49, 53, 58-59, 167, 188n39; Mabee, 1970, pp. 59-60, 152, 255, 273, 296, 325, 337, 338; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 33, 164, 192, 305-306, 329; Sernett, 2002, pp. 22, 67, 70-71, 116-117, 206, 209, 240; Sorin, 1971, pp. 89-92, 97, 113)

Gerrit Smith, abolitionist leader (Blue, 2005, pp. 19, 20, 25, 26, 32-36, 50, 53, 54, 68, 101, 102, 105, 112, 132, 170; Harrold, 1995, pp. 7, 23, 36, 58-59, 71, 73, 78, 81, 91, 108, 110-111, 116-119, 121, 145-146; Mabee, 1970, pp. 37, 47, 55, 56, 71, 72, 104, 106, 131, 135, 150, 154, 156, 187, 188, 189, 195, 202, 204, 219, 220, 226, 227, 237, 239, 246, 252, 253, 258, 307, 308, 318, 320, 321, 327, 342, 346; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 5, 8, 13, 16, 22, 29, 31, 112, 117-121, 137, 163, 167, 199, 224-225, 243; Sernett, 2002, pp. 22, 36, 49-55, 122-126, 129-132, 137-138, 143-146, 169, 171, 173-174, 205-206, 208-217, 219-230; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25-38, 47, 49, 52, 66, 95, 96, 102, 113, 126, 130)

Salmon P. Chase, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (Blue, 2005, pp. 30, 34, 99, 100, 121, 122; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 25-32)

Francis J. Lemoyne, vice president (Blue, 2005, p. 25)

Thomas Morris, vice president, 1843

Elizur Wright, abolitionist leader (Blue, 2005, pp. 20, 25, 43, 50; Harrold, 1995, pp. 40, 76, 81, 143; Mabee, 1970, pp. 189, 256, 322, 339, 364)

Charles B. Ray, free Black (Blue, 2005, p. 98; Mabee, 1970, pp. 58, 59, 62, 95-96, 111, 134, 146, 181, 338, 339, 415n14; Sernett, 2002, pp. 64, 116, 132, 199, 201)

John P. Hale, New Hampshire, U.S. presidential candidate, 1847 (Blue, 2005, pp. 8, 35, 51-54, 74, 100-102, 121, 126, 144, 152, 164, 170, 205; Harrold, 1995, pp. 82, 127, 158; Mabee, 1970, p. 252; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 20, 29, 33-37; Sernett, 2002, p. 124; Sorin, 1971, pp. 130, 132)

Leicester King, Ohio, nominee for U.S. vice president, 1847 (Blue, 2005, p. 100; Mitchell, 2007, p. 24; Sernett, 2002, p. 124)

Lysander Spooner (Blue, 2005, p. 32)

William L. Chaplin (Harrold, 1995, pp. 60, 70-74, 110; Sernett, 2002, pp. 122, 130, 132-133, 310nn3,4; Sorin, 1971, p. 113)

William Goodell, Liberty League founder (Blue, 2005, pp. 19, 20, 23, 32, 34, 50, 53, 54, 101; Harrold, 1995, pp. 11-13, 34, 36, 38, 58-59, 104-105, 147-148; Mabee, 1970, pp. 48, 107, 187, 228, 246, 249, 252, 300, 333, 341, 387n11, 388n27; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 1, 7, 22, 29, 31, 35, 46, 63, 64, 71, 72, 162-163, 199, 225; Sernett, 2002, pp. 32, 36, 40-41, 53, 73-74, 93, 97-98, 120-121, 123, 153, 204, 275, 303n62, 341-342n68; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 57-62, 113-114, 126, 130)

John Greenleaf Whittier (Blue, 2005, pp. 4, 5, 37-40, 49-50, 52, 53, 63, 265, 267; Harrold, 1995, pp. 58, 78, 140;  Mabee, 1970, pp. 2, 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18, 21, 22, 26, 29, 30, 35, 36, 48, 51, 65, 194, 211, 291, 309, 326, 329, 359, 368, 373, 378, 405n12, 423n41; Mitchell, 2007, pp. 12, 54, 58, 162, 243)

James C. Jackson (Sernett, 2002, p. 122; Sorin, 1971, p. 130)

Henry Bradley, gubernatorial candidate (Sernett, 2002, p. 123)

Wesley Bailey, editor (Sernett, 2002, p. 123)

Elihu Burrit, vice presidential candidate (Mabee, 1970, pp. 4, 195, 202, 203, 236, 257, 327, 329, 334, 340, 343, 363, 365, 366, 369, 372, 278, 420n1; Sernett, 2002, p. 123)

Charles C. Foote, vice presidential candidate (Sernett, 2002, p. 123)

Lynn (Massachusetts) Female Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 77, 89; Yellin, 1994, pp. 229-230, 234)

Maine Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 207, 249n91)

Watkins Harper (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 207-208)

Mansfield Anti-Slavery Society, Massachusetts (Newman, 2002, p. 158)

Manhattan Abolition Society, founded in Manhattan, New York, by African American women, 1840 (Yellin, 1994, p. xvii)

Manumission Society of North Carolina (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 576-577)

Manumission Society of Tennessee, founded 1814; newspaper Manumission Intelligencer founded 1819 (Dumond, 1961, p. 95; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 33, 105)

Charles Osborne

Maryland Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and the Relief of Free Negroes and Others Unlawfully Held in Bondage.  Helped rescue hundreds of slaves during the period of 1790-1824.  (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 225, 240; Drake, 1950, pp. 120, 132; Dumond, 1961, pp. 47-48; Locke, 1901, pp. 99, 99n, 100, 101, 103f, 103n, 108, 109, 109n, 110, 120, 121, 131; Zilversmit, 1967, p. 174)

Elisha Tyson, Society of Friends, Quaker, “Acting Committee”

Samuel Sterett (Basker, 2005, pp. 90, 103, 224, 225, 227)

James Winchester (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 240)

Joseph Townsend (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 225, 238, 241)

Adam Fonerdon (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 225)

Jesse Hollingsworth (Basker, 2005, pp. 224, 225)

Massachusetts Abolition Society (Dumond, 1961, p. 188; Filler, 1960, p. 135; Yellin, 1994, pp. 54-55, 59, 59n)

Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society (Basker, 2005, p. 79; Dumont, 1961, p. 173, 182; Mabee, 1970, pp. 2, 20, 34, 47, 48, 72, 115, 116, 119, 122, 123, 124, 165, 211, 212, 232, 242, 249, 250, 251, 252, 262, 291, 295, 308, 317, 387n11, 415n18, 421n23; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 32, 36, 45, 47, 183, 208, 364, 401, 436; Yellin, 1994, pp. 50, 54n, 56, 79, 250, 253n, 258, 263, 264, 302, 307)

Samuel J. May, general agent (Dumond, 1961, p. 182; Rodriguez, 2007)

Massachusetts Emancipation Society (Yellin, 1994, pp. 261-263)

Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society, see New England Emigrant Aid Company

Massachusetts Female Emancipation Society, Boston, Massachusetts, founded 1840 (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 162-163; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 199; Yellin, 1994, pp. 59, 59n, 65n, 194/ Zson, pp. 261-263)

Methodist Episcopal Church, see also African Methodist Episcopal Church (AMEC)

Michigan State Anti-Slavery Society (Dumond, 1961, p. 189)

Dr. David Nelson’s Abolitionist Mission Institute, Quincy, Illinois (Rodriguez, 2007, p. 617)

New England Anti-Slavery Society (NEASS), founded January 1832, Boston, Massachusetts (Blue, 2005, pp. 21-22, 41; Dumond, 1961, p. 172; Filler, 1960, pp. 22, 61, 66; Newman, 2002; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 41, 218, 401; Salitan, 1994; Stevens, 2003; Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 18, 31, 58, 62)

William Lloyd Garrison, co-founder (Blue, 2005; Dumond, 1961; Filler, 1960; Harrold, 1995; Mitchell, 2007; Newman, 2002; Sorin, 1971)

Arnold Buffum, co-founder, vice president, agent (Newman, 2002, pp. 125, 141, 154-157)

Elizabeth Buffum Chase, 1806-1899 (Rodriguez, 2007, p. 218; Salitan, 1994; Stevens, 2003)

David Lee Child (Newman, 2002, p. 154)

New England Emigrant Aid Company, founded 1855 (formerly Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society, founded 1854).  (Filler, 1960, p. 237; Harrold, 1995, pp. 112, 118, 125, 204n24; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 56, 58, 201-202, 337)

Eli Thayer, founder, leader, Worcester, Massachusetts, established “Free Soil” anti-slavery communities in Kansas (Harrold, 1995)

New England Yearly Meeting (Orthodox), Society of Friends, Quakers (Drake, 1950, pp. 184, 189n, 196)

New Hampshire State Anti-Slavery Society (Dumond, 1961, p. 189)

New Jersey Anti-Slavery Society (Zilversmit, 1967, p. 217)

New Jersey Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, founded 1792 (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 239; Dumond, 1961, p. 48; Locke, 1901, pp. 86, 99, 104n, 107-109, 124; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 27; Zilversmit, 1967, pp. 173-174, 184-185, 192-193, 215)

Joseph Bloomfield (Basker, 2005, pp. 223-225, 239)

William Coxe, Jr. (Basker, 2005, pp. 223-224, 227, 238)

John Wistar  (Basker, 2005, pp. 223-224, 227, 238)

Robert Pearson  (Basker, 2005, pp. 223-224)

Franklin Davenport  (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 239)

New York Association of Friends for the Relief of Those Held in Slavery, founded Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1839.  Affiliated with the Society of Friends, Quakers. (Drake, 1950)

New York City Anti-Slavery Society, founded 1833, New York, New York. (Dumond, 1961, p. 189; Filler, 1960, pp. 63, 136; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 42, 363, 522; Sorin, 1971)

Joshua Leavitt, co-founder

New York Manumission Society (NYMS), see New York Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves (Basker, 2005; Bruns, 1977, pp. 397, 504; Gellman, 2006, pp. 56-61, 64-77, 135, 145, 154-164, 172, 180, 194, 214)

New York Orthodox Meeting, Society of Friends.  Lobbied U.S. House of Representatives and Senate to end slavery.  (Drake, 1950, p. 189)

New York Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves, New York. (Basker, 2005, pp. 218, 223, 239, 295, 322; Dumond, 1961, p. 47; Locke, 1901, pp. 99, 99n, 101, 103, 104, 104n, 105n, 107, 108, 109, 123; Zilversmit, 1967, pp. 147, 150-151, 160, 162-166, 169, 173-174, 176, 179-180, 208-210, 212)

Peter Jay Munro (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 239)

Moses Rogers (Basker, 2005, p. 223)

Thomas Franklin, Jr. (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 224)

William Dunlap (Basker, 2005, pp. 223-225, 227, 238)

New York State Anti-Slavery Society (NYSASS), headquartered in Utica, New York, founded Fall 1835, newspaper: Friend of Man.  (Blue, 2005, pp. 4, 18, 19-20, 23-25, 31; Dumond, 1961, p. 189; Mabee, 1970, pp. 48, 55, 146, 187; Sernett, 2002, pp. 41, 52-53, 73-75; Sorin, 1971, pp. 19, 21, 22, 27, 50, 59-60, 74, 87)

Alvan Stewart, founder (Blue, 2005, pp. 4-5, 9, 13, 15-36, 43, 49, 50, 63, 98, 145, 265-267; Harrold, 1995; Sernett, 2002, p. 52; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 32, 60, 96, 103n, 132)

William Jay, president (Blue, 2005, p. 21; Harrold, 1995; Sernett, 2002, p. 52; Sorin, 1971, pp. 51, 77-81, 96, 132)

William Goodell (Blue, 2005, p. 20; Harrold, 1995; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 57-62, 126, 130)

Myron Holley (Blue, 2005, p. 23; Sorin, 1971, pp. 47n)

Gerrit Smith (Harrold, 1995; Sernett, 2002, p. 25; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25-38, 47, 49, 52, 66, 95, 96, 102, 113-115, 126, 130-131)

Beriah Green, corresponding secretary (Harrold, 1995; Sernett, 2002, p. 52; Sorin, 1971, pp. 25, 52-57, 60, 90, 91, 97, 126, 130)

Spencer Kellogg, treasurer, Utica, NY (Sernett, 2002, p. 52; Sorin, 1971, pp. 103n)

Stanley Hough, editor, Friend of Man, after 1839 (Sernett, 2002, p. 53)

Luther Lee, Methodist clergyman, Utica, New York, lecturer for New York Anti-Slavery Society (NYASS; Harrold, 1995; Sernett, 2002, pp. 57-58)

New York Vigilance Committee

Newport Anti-Slavery Society, Newport, Rhode Island (Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 90, 208, 213)

Newport Young Ladies’ Juvenal Anti-Slavery Society (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 248n90)

North Carolina Manumission Society (Filler, 1960, p. 273; Locke, 1901, p. 7n)

Oberlin College, Ohio, founded 1833, leading abolitionist institution in the United States (Blue, 2005, pp. 6, 66-67, 75, 79-84, 86, 226; Dumond, 1961, pp. 164-165; Filler, 1960, pp. 35, 69, 223; Fletcher, 1943; Mabee, 1970, pp. 3, 77, 104, 153, 154, 156, 157, 200, 212, 218, 219, 235, 238, 253, 394n4, 402n18, 403n25; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 41-42, 61-62, 208, 244, 465, 488-489, 511; Sorin, 1971, pp. 43, 75, 114)

George Whipple, professor of mathematics, principal of preparatory department

James A Thome, professor of rhetoric and belles-lettres

Asa Mahon, president

Ohio State Anti-Slavery Society, Cleveland, Ohio (Blue, 2005, pp. 70, 75, 76, 78, 85-87; Dumond, 1961, p. 189; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 44, 45, 161, 185)

Charles Langston, founder (Blue, 2005, pp. 5-6, 65-89, 120, 127, 265-270)

Gideon Langston (Blue, 2005, pp. 65-67)

John Mercer Langston (Blue, 2005, pp. 5-6, 65-66, 69, 72-76, 78, 79, 81, 85-88)

Gamaliel Bailey, MD, 1807-1859, corresponding secretary

Oneida County Anti-Slavery Association, Oneida County, New York, founded April 1835 (Sernett, 2002, p. 40)

Charles Stuart, founder, abolitionist (Sernett, 2002, p. 40)

Oneida Institute, New York, founded as Oneida Academy, May 1827, in Village of Whitesboro (Blue, 2005, pp. 17, 34-35; Mabee, 1970, pp. 3, 21, 59, 209, 151, 155, 227, 256, 363, 394n22, 395n40, 402n18; Sernett, 2002, pp. 28-32, 33, 37, 53, 88; Sorin, 1971, pp. 54, 86, 90)

Theodore Dwight Weld, founder (Sernett, 2002)

Reverend George Washington Gale, founder (Sernett, 2002)

Charles G. Finney, founder (Sernett, 2002)

Reverend Beriah Green, leader  (Sernett, 2002)

Henry B. Stanton, student  (Sernett, 2002)

John Frost, trustee, pastor, First Presbyterian Church of Whitesboro  (Sernett, 2002)

Orthodox Philadelphia Meeting for Suffering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Society of Friends, Quaker.  Abolitionist Quaker group lobbied Congress to abolish slavery and nullify the Fugitive Slave Laws in Pennsylvania.  (Drake, 1950)

Enoch Lewis, Society of Friends, Quaker, chairman

Palmyra Anti-Slavery Society, Palmyra, New York (Sernett, 2002, p. 41)

Pawtucket Juvenile Emancipation Society, Pawtucket, Rhode Island (Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 102-105)

Pawtucket Ladies Anti-Slavery Society, Pawtucket, Rhode Island (Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 102-105)

Pawtucket Anti-Slavery Society, Pawtucket, Rhode Island (Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 102-105)

Pennsylvania Abolition Society (PAS) (Bruns, 1977, pp. 385, 512-524; Gellman, 2006, pp. 45, 56, 57, 83, 96), see also Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage

Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society (Blue, 2005, p. 45; Mabee, 1970, pp. 48, 106, 196, 202, 265, 275, 289, 299, 303, 305, 325, 342, 350, 410n41; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 204, 388, 464)

Pennsylvania Colonization Society

Elliot Cresson, Secretary of the Board of Directors

Robert Vaux

The Pennsylvania Free Produce Association, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded 1827.  Organized by Society of Friends, Quakers, to encourage Quakers and others to refrain from purchasing goods produced by slave labor.

Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, and the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded 1789.  Quaker abolitionist organization whose leaders were almost all Hicksites.  They promoted a moderate approach to ending slavery in the United States.  By the late 1830s, it supported education for Black children, hiring lawyers to prevent or thwart kidnapping by slave catchers, and to aid fugitive Blacks in the court system.

(Dumond, 1961, pp. 46-47; Locke, 1901, pp. 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 98n, 99, 100, 107-111, 127, 127f, 133, 141; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 25-26, 27; Yellin, 1994, p. 203; Zilversmit, 1967, pp. 159, 162-165, 173-174, 204-206, 207, 224)

Dr. Benjamin Rush (Locke, 1901)

Pennsylvania State Anti-Slavery Society (Basker, 2005, pp. 78-103, 105, 108, 131, 133, 217-218, 223, 225, 239, 247, 248, 299, 316; Dumond, 1961, p. 189; Yellin, 1994, pp. 71, 76, 79, 79n, 81-84, 175, 307, 326, 330)

William Rogers (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 224, 227, 232, 239; Locke, 1901, pp. 91, 168)

William Rawle (Basker, 2005, pp. 92, 102, 223-225, 227, 239; Locke, 1901, pp. 92, 127)

Samuel Powell Griffitts (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 224, 227, 238-240)

Robert Patterson (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 224, 238, 240)

Samuel Coates (Basker, 2005, pp. 223, 224, 238, 240)

Benjamin Rush (Basker, 2005, pp. 33, 80, 81, 92, 101, 217, 223, 228, 240, 308, 316; Locke, 1901, pp. 48, 52, 54-56, 58-59, 62, 93, 189)

James Miller McKim (Yellin, 1994 pp. 76, 161-162, 162n, 168, 287)

Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society (PFASS) (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 321, 387, 388, 416; Yellin, 1994, pp. 26, 67-88, 73-74, 92, 97, 105, 175n, 176, 237-238, 285, 307)

Maria Davis Mott, Quaker (Yellin, 1994)

Anna Hopper Mott, Quaker (Yellin, 1994)

Lucretia Mott, Quaker (Yellin, 1994)

Ester Moore (Yellin, 1994)

Lydia White (Yellin, 1994)

Mary Grew (Yellin, 1994)

Susan Grew (Yellin, 1994)

Grace Douglass, charter member (Yellin, 1994)

Margaretta Forten, charter member, recording secretary, treasurer (Yellin, 1994)

Sarah Louisa Forten, charter member (Yellin, 1994)

Harriet D. Forten Purvis, charter member (Yellin, 1994)

Hulduh Justice, vice president, charter member (Yellin, 1994)

Sarah J. McKim (Yellin, 1994)

Gertrude Burleigh (Yellin, 1994)

Emily Winslow (Yellin, 1994)

Paulina Wright (Yellin, 1994)

Rebecca Plumly (Yellin, 1994)

Susan Parrish (Yellin, 1994)

Mary Needles (Yellin, 1994)

Anna Hopper (Yellin, 1994)

Sarah Pugh, president (Yellin, 1994)

Maria Hopper (Yellin, 1994)

Amy Matilda Cassey (Yellin, 1994)

Rebecca Buffum (Yellin, 1994)

Sarah Douglas (Yellin, 1994)

Sarah Lewis (Yellin, 1994)

Mary Earle (Yellin, 1994)

Phoebe Earle (Yellin, 1994)

Mary C. Pennock (Yellin, 1994)

Elizabeth Neall, executive committee (Yellin, 1994)

Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, part of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society (Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 204, 307, 464, 489, 654)

William Still, free Black

Thomas Garrett, 1789-1877, abolitionist leader

Portage Female Anti-Slavery Society, Ohio (Jeffrey, 1998, p. 69)

Lucy Wright (Jeffrey, 1998, pp. 69-70)

Providence Abolition Society (Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 2-3, 17-18, 145)

Providence (Rhode Island) Female Anti-Slavery Society (Yellin, 1994, pp. 182, 187, 187n, 190n; Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 17-18, 25, 52, 212)

Providence Ladies Anti-Slavery Society

Providence Society for the Abolition of Slavery (Providence Anti-Slavery Society). (Drake, 1950; Dumond, 1961, p. 188; Locke, 1901, p. 13; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 26; Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 17-18)

Quakers, see Society of Friends

Rhode Island Anti-Slavery Society, founded February 2-4, 1836, in Providence, Rhode Island. (Dumond, 1961, p. 188; Van Broekhoven, 2002, pp. 4-5, 8, 18, 125)

Henry B. Stanton, founder

Ray Potter, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Baptist minister, co-founder, “Friend of Man,” October 13, 1836 (Dumond, 1961, p. 182; Friend of Man newspaper, October 13, 1836)

Rhode Island Society for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery (Rodriguez 2007, p. 218)

Rhode Island State Anti-Slavery Society (Dumond, 1961, p. 188)

Rochester (New York) Female Anti-Slavery Society (RFASS), Rochester, New York (Yellin, 1994, pp. 26-28)

Susan Farley Porter, president

Elizabeth Atkinson, wife of Finney

Mrs. Elon Galusha

Rochester (New York) Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society (RLASS), all-woman, all-White group founded to support the work of Black abolitionist Frederick Douglass (Sernett, 2002, pp. 58-60; Yellin 1994, pp. 28-30)

Susan Farley Porter, president (Sernett, 2002, p. 58)

Salem Anti-Slavery Society (Rodriguez, 2007, p. 288)

Sherburne Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society, Chenango County, New York, founded March 1835 (Sernett, 2002, p. 42)

Smithfield Anti-Slavery Society, Munnsville, New York, founded 1834 (Sernett, 2002, p. 41)

Smithfield Society, Peterboro, New York, founded April 1834 (Sernett, 2002, pp. 32-34)

Society for the Abolition of Slave Trade (Rodriguez, 2007, p. 178)

Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage (Bruns, 1977, pp. 384-385, 510; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 18, 21, 455-456), see also Pennsylvania Abolition Society

Society of Friends, Quakers.  Here is a quote by a famous Quaker, U.S. Congressman Thomas Forrest: “Would to God we were all Quakers, in order that there might be less oppression, evil, and bloodshed in the land.”

(Basker, 2005, pp. 1-7, 15, 22, 31-33, 53-57, 68-70, 76, 79-84, 105, 107-109, 114-115, 120, 122-125, 131, 132, 170, 175, 179-181, 217-218, 239, 240, 241, 291, 295, 299, 316; Bruns, 1977, pp. 3, 10, 57, 58, 68, 125, 308, 446, 493; Drake, 1950; Filler, 1960, pp. 13, 19, 49, 66, 122, 123, 163; Hammond, 2011, pp. 19, 20, 34, 36, 50, 51, 53, 60, 64, 78; Mabee, 1970, pp. 1-3, 8, 9, 18, 20, 72, 73, 76, 204, 224, 225, 226, 230, 374-378; Zilversmit, 1967, pp. 25, 55-58, 61-83, 90-92, 101, 108, 124-125, 131, 138, 140, 147, 152, 157-158, 166-167, 178, 186, 203, 205)

Edward P. Atlee, Quaker, abolitionist

Elisha Bates, Mount Pleasant, newspaper publisher

Anthony Benezet

William Bradford, 1658-1752 (Soderlund, 1985, p. 194)

William Burling, b. 1678

Elizabeth Chandler, poet, 1807-1834

Elizabeth Buffam Chase, 1806-1899

Caleb Clothier, Philadelphia

Lindley Coats, 1794-1856

Samuel Coats, 1748-1830, Philadelphia

Addison Coffin, Indiana

Alfred Coffin, Indiana

Levi Coffin, 1798-1877, Indiana

Vestal Coffin

Elihu Coleman, d. 1789

Isaac Collins, 1746-1817

David Cooper, New Jersey

Elliot Cresson, 1796-1854, Philadelphia

Paul Cuffee (Cuffe), 1759-1818, free Black, sea captain, author, A Brief Account of the Settlement and Present Situation of the Colony of Sierra Leone, 1812

William Dillwyn, New Jersey

Thomas Earle, 1796-1848, Mississippi

William Edmunson, Pennsylvania

John Farmer (Soderlund, 1985, pp. 22, 35, 149)

James Canning Fuller

Bartholomew Fussell, Pennsylvania

James Sloan Gibbons, b. 1810

Henry Grew

Angelina Emily Grimké (Soderlund, 1985, p. 13)

Sarah Moore Grimké, 1792-1873 (Soderlund, 1985, p. 13)

Laura Haviland, New York

Thomas Hazzard, Rhode Island

John Hepburn

Elias Hicks, 1748-1830

Isaac Tattem Hopper, Quaker, abolitionist

Emily Howland, 1827-1829

Jeremiah Hubbard

Richard Humphreys, Philadelphia

George Washington Julian, 1817-1899

George Keith, c. 1639-1716 (Soderlund, 1985, pp. 18-19, 22)

Abby (Foster) Kelley, 1811-1887

Emmor Kimber, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Benjamin Ladd, Smithfield, Ohio

Benjamin Lay (Drake, 1950; Nash, 1991; Rodrigues, 2007; Soderlund, 1985; Zilversmit, 1967)

Isaac Leggett

Dr. John Coakley Lettsom, physician, London, England

Enoch Lewis, publisher, African Observer

Evan Lewis, Wilmington, American Anti-Slavery Society

Benjamin Lundy, 1789-1839, philanthropist, American Anti-Slavery Society, organized Union Humane Society, St. Clairsville, Ohio, in 1815, New Jersey newspaper publisher, Genius of Universal Emancipation

Charles Marriot

Warner Mifflin, 1745-1798

Daniel Miller

James Mott, Quaker, abolitionist

Lucretia Coffin Mott, 1793-1880, Philadelphia

John Murray, Jr., New York

Daniel Neal, Quaker, abolitionist

Daniel Neal, Jr.

Edward Needles, Pennsylvania

William Newbold, Trenton, New Jersey

Charles Osborn, farmer, publisher, The Philanthropist

Dillwyn Parrish, Pennsylvania

John Parrish, 1829-1807

Joseph Parrish, Quaker, abolitionist

James Pemberton, 1723-1808, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Soderlund, 1985, pp. 44, 140, 151, 166, 170, 171, 191)

John Pemberton, 1727-1795, Delaware (Soderlund, 1985, pp. 29, 30n, 44, 140, 150, 166, 170, 171, 190)

Abraham Pennock, Philadelphia

Robert Pleasants, Richmond, Virgina

Amy Kirby Post, 1802-1889, Rochester, New York

Isaac Post, 1798-1872, Rochester, New York

Robert Pyle

Samuel Rhoades, Philadelphia

Timothy Rogers, Ferrisberg, Vermont

William Rotch, Nantucket

Ralph Sandiford (Soderlund, 1985, pp. 23, 25, 35, 166-167, 174, 186)

Joseph Sansom, poet

Thomas Shipley, American Anti-Slavery Society, Philadelphia

William A. Southeby (Soderlund, 1985, pp. 4, 19, 22, 32, 35, 149, 186, 187)

Edwin Thompson, 1809-1888

William Thornton, from West Indian island of Tortola, helped found American Colonization Society

Elisha Tyson, Baltimore, Maryland, Acting Committee, Maryland Abolition Society

Henry H. Way, Indiana

Refine Weeks, poet, New York

Lydia White

John Greenleaf Whittier, 1807-1892, American Anti-Slavery Society, poet

Thomas Wittson

Samuel Wood, publisher, New York

John Woolman, 1720-1772, New Jersey (Soderlund, 1985)

South Scituate Anti-Slavery Society, Plymouth County (Newman, 2002, pp. 158-159, 218n50)

Tennessee Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves, Jefferson County, Tennessee. (Dumond, 1961, p. 136; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 37)

Elihu Embree, iron manufacturer, publisher, Jonesboro

Charles Osborne, farmer, publisher of The Philanthropist (in Ohio) in 1817

Union (New York) Anti-Slavery Sewing Society (Yellin, 1994, p. 28)

Union Humane Society, founded 1815. (Dumond, 1961, p. 136; Rodriguez, 2007, pp. 33, 105, 489-490)

Benjamin Lundy

Union Missionary Society, merged with American Missionary Society

Unitarian Church (Mabee, 1970, pp. 8, 15, 16, 21, 71, 82, 208, 234, 255, 409n11)

Reverend Ellery Channing, leader

Utica Anti-Slavery Society, Utica, New York (Sernett, 2002, p. 40)

Vermont State Anti-Slavery Society (Dumond, 1961, p. 188; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 39)

Virginia Abolition Society (Virginia Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery; Basker, 2005, pp. 225-226, 241; Locke, 1901, pp. 99, 99n, 105, 107; Rodriguez, 2007, p. 27)

Washington Abolition Society, Pennsylvania (Basker, 2005, pp. 225, 241)

Western Evangelical Missionary Society, merged with the American Missionary Association (AMA)

Western New York Anti-Slavery Society (WNYASS), Rochester, New York, founded 1842, mixed sex membership, active in Underground Railroad, worked closely with Frederick Douglass (Sernett, 2002, pp. 58-62, 159; Yellin, 1994, pp. 27-30, 150)

Abby Kelley, organizer (Sernett, 2002, pp. 74, 99)

Isaac Post, founder, Hicksite Quaker, husband of Amy Post (Sernett, 2002, pp. 60, 180-181, 266, 340n)

Amy Post, 1802-1889, executive committee, Hicksite Quaker, wife of Isaac Post (Sernett, 2002, pp. xiv, 60, 61, 181, 340n50)

Sarah Fish, executive committee

Samuel Porter (Sernett, 2002)

Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio (Filler, 1960, pp. 103, 202, 224; Sernett, 2002, p. 29; Sorin, 1971, pp. 53, 54, 57)

Western Reserve Free Soilers, Ohio (Mitchell, 2007, pp. 1, 6-7, 14, 23, 25-26, 60, 65, 69, 70, 71, 143, 246)

Whitestown (Oneida County, New York) Society, abolition group had one hundred members in April 1834 (Sernett, 2002, pp. 32-33)

Wilmington Society, see Delaware Society for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery

Wilmot Proviso Democrats

Women’s Anti-Slavery Society of Ellington, Chautauqua County, New York (Sernett, 2002, p. 62)

Women’s National Loyal League, founded 1863.  Lobbied to have Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to grant African Americans the right to vote.  Collected 400,000 signatures in a petition presented to the Congress.

Susan B. Anthony, co-founder (Sernett, 2002, pp. 204-205, 213, 217-218, 227, 270)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, co-founder (Sernett, 2002, pp. 17, 43-44, 62, 145-146, 270)

World Anti-Slavery Conventions, 1840, 184?

Jonathan Blanchard, 1811-1892, vice president (1843)